PLD2 and posterior cortical atrophy: Some of the PtdIns(4,5)P2 needed for PLD2 activity exists in the nucleus85 where it is mostly associated with proteins as detergent-insoluble proteolipid complexes.85,86 These complexes appear as speckles and granules very similar in appearance to the spots of nucleoplasmic PLD2 we observe in PCa cells (Fig. 3a).