TGF-β signalling regulates IL-8 expression in cancer cells including human prostate cancer cells.14 Although regulation of IL-8 is contributed by TGF- β, exposure of Hsp60 causes elevated TGF-β expression in diseased conditions.48,49 Api-induced TGF-β was diminished by TG, suggesting that the combined exposure of Api and TG may overcome apoptotic resistance mediated by the IL-8-TGF-β axis. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and prostate cancer.