SPHK1 and colonic neoplasm: Lima et al. used SK1-I, an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and analog of sphingosine, in colon cancer cell lines and observed induction of autophagy and cell death which was dependent on BECN1 and ATG5 [54], although in this study the discrimination between apoptosis and autophagy is not entirely clear, leaving some room for interpretation if the mode of death can be truly defined as ACD according to the NCCD criteria.