IFNB1 and infection: This finding suggests that the mechanism for IDV-mediated protection in vivo might be due to prolonged IFN-β production since IFN-β is known to be more potent than type III IFNs and activates more ISGs [45], which we have previously found to be the mechanism for survival after infection with the IAV strain A/swine/Texas/4199-2/98 [28].