Interestingly, the phytochemical ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic-acid, in combination with cisplatin, can induce AIF-modulated apoptosis in A549 cells while reducing ROS production [50], which suggests that AIF may be able to promote cancer cell death without acting through ROS production to activate MAPK or JNK apoptotic signaling. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is cancer.