HMGB1 and Sepsis: In the immune response to sepsis, both exogenous factors derived from the pathogen (e.g., lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) and endogenous factors released by injured cells (e.g., high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) protein) can interact with various PRRs, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), RIG-I like receptors (RLRs), and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) [22,23].