TLR4 and bacterial infectious disease: Our recent data in a mouse IMCD cell line (mIMCD3) evidenced Slc22a17/SLC22A17 upregulation and Lcn2/LCN2 downregulation, induced by hyperosmolarity/-tonicity, suggesting adaptive osmotolerant survival, whereas Lcn2/LCN2 upregulation and Slc22a17/SLC22A17 downregulation, via TLR4, indicated protection against bacterial infections [20].