When taking into account the actual number of cells that contained at least one bacterium, irrespective of the total amount of bacteria per cell, we can see that in cells expressing viperin, approximately 54% of cells were positive for early bacterial invasion, in comparison to approximately 86–88% of cells in the presence or absence of GFP (Fig. 5D), indicating that the Huh-7 cells expressing viperin where overall less permissive for S. flexneri invasion at early time points following infection. Here, RSAD2 is linked to infection.