TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: However, the percentage of activated astrocytes increased about 34% in ALS patients with TDP-43 pathology (normal controls: 24 ± 5%, n = 3; ALS with TDP-43 pathology: 58 ± 3, n = 9, p < 0.0001), in contrast to percentage of quiescent astrocytes in patients (normal controls: 76 ± 5%, n = 3; ALS with TDP-43 pathology: 41 ± 2, n = 9, p < 0.0001; Fig. 1E, G).