Most recently, we have demonstrated that inactivation of macrophage-derived HMGB1 by an anti-HMGB1-neutralizing antibody or a recombinant soluble form of human thrombomodulin (TM), referred to as TMα, completely prevents the development of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy [4, 6]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and peripheral neuropathy.