NF‐κB is activated by multiple stimuli, including secreting hormones (e.g., leptin and adiponectin), inflammatory molecules (e.g., IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐1B) and growth factors (e.g., insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and VEGF), which are of particular relevance to the pathogenesis of CRC 31. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.