Multivariable regression analysis with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks identified male sex (aSHR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.03–1.77, p = 0.02), CD4+ count less than 200 cells/mm3 at ART initiation (aSHR = 3.03 vs CD4+ count > 350 cells/mm3, 95%CI 1.48–6.17, p = 0.002) and urban residence (aSHR = 1.42 vs non-urban residence, 95%CI 1.04–1.94, p = 0.02) as independent risk factors for TB among participants on first-line ART. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.