Although previous studies on KLRG1+CD8 T cells showed that they were effector T cells which killed antigen-specific targets like CTLs with high granzyme expression30,31, the gene expression profile analysis of these cells showed that they were more like activated effector CD8 T cells with upregulated expression of some NK cell receptors, indicating that alloDC-vaccination activated KLRG1+CD8 T cells might utilize missing-self recognition to exert cytotoxicity against tumor cells. The gene discussed is KLRD1; the disease is neoplasm.