In line with these mitochondrial respiratory function data, the expression of some mitochondrial genes, including PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)5a, citrate synthase (CS), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes V (ATP5A), were increased in tumour tissues of the LW group (Fig. 3D). Here, NRF1 is linked to neoplasm.