By combining this with our previously reported results that glucocorticoids modulated TGF-β1-induced Epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes related to tissue remodeling in nasal epithelial cells, we can assume that the anti-fibrotic effect exhibited by steroids could be an important therapeutic mechanism in glucocorticoids in CRS treatment24. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.