ICAM1 and infection: The expression of certain surface molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), and CD23 was found to be elevated on monocytes during acute stage of malaria compared to convalescent infections, and large increases of ICAM-1 and uPAR were associated with severe malaria [19].