The third, yet developmental method for MRD assessment focuses on the detection of leukemic stem cell (LSC) in the compartment of the CD34+CD38− stem/progenitor cells [36,41,42,43] The group from the Netherlands had nicely defined aberrant marker expression patterns on the AML CD34+CD38− stem cell compartment allowing distinguishing between the malignant and the normal stem cell compartment both at diagnosis as well as in remission [43]. The gene discussed is CD34; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.