NLRP3 complex catalyzes cleavage of interleukin-1β precursor (IL-1b) and IL-18, pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the host response to infection and tissue injury, being the unregulated activation NLRP3 involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including atherosclerosis, heart disease and diabetes [37]. The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is diabetes mellitus.