We examined the frequency and phenotype of circulating preproinsulin (PPI)‐specific and insulin B (InsB)‐specific CD8+ T cells in HLA‐B*3906+ children newly diagnosed with T1D and in high‐risk HLA‐A*2402+ children before the appearance of disease‐specific autoantibodies and before diagnosis of T1D. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.