Subsequent Sanger sequencing on genomic DNA from all the available family members (III:1, III:2, and IV:1–7) verified four variants in four genes (DNAH17, GPS1, HID1, and USP36) recessively coinherited with asthenozoospermia (Fig. 1 B and Fig. S1 B). The gene discussed is GPS1; the disease is Reduced sperm motility.