A preliminary report from the randomized DECIDER study suggests that ATRA improves survival of AML patients receiving hypomethylating agents [39], and recent experimental studies also suggest that ATRA induces degradation of the mutated NPM1 protein [40], sensitizes AML cells to FLT3 inhibitors [41], and is effective in AML cells carrying the metabolism-modulating IDH mutations [42]. Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.