As a consequence, they induce mucosal immunity at the site of infection (URT) [11,12,13,19,20,21], as well as robust humoral [11,12,13,21,22,23,24] and cellular [22] immunity -leading to the recruitment of influenza-specific CD8 T cells into the lungs and protection against subsequent infections [11,12,13,25,26,27,28]. Here, CD8A is linked to infection.