S1 Table summarizes the clinical and virological data for all selected PHI and CHI subjects including viral loads (VL) and CD4 counts. Similarly to others, we found higher IFN-α levels in plasma from HIV-1-infected subjects compared to uninfected controls (Fig 1A) [15–20]. We also found that the subjects with high plasma IFN-α levels were the ones with the highest VL (correlation between the two parameters: P = 0.0187, r = 0.5334; n = 19) (S1 Fig). Here, CD4 is linked to congenital isolated hyperinsulinism.