Yoshikawa et al. revealed in human colon cancer cells (DLD-1 and HT29) that GGA dose-dependently activated caspase-3, -8, and -9, which play central roles in the apoptotic cascade.30 They hypothesized that apoptosis was induced by two major caspase pathways. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is malignant colon neoplasm.