In the spleen, the population of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells in the aPD-L1/I@LG + L group were 3.6- and 6.4-fold higher than those in the PBS group, and no significant difference in population of CD8+ T cells was observed among the other groups (Supplementary Fig. 17), indicating that this strategy-induced differentiation of naive T cells to CD8+ T cells that could help inhibit the growth of distant tumors and prevent tumor metastasis. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.