To test whether condensin II might localize to mitochondria in human cells, we first performed immunofluorescence analyses using primary antibodies to detect the α-subunit of complex V (ATP synthase; denoted CoV) and NCAPD3 in human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells induced to express non-targeting (NT) control short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or NCAPD3-specific shRNA (Fig. 1A) (Schuster et al., 2015). Here, NCAPD3 is linked to colon adenocarcinoma.