Here, the critical role of CXCL1 signaling in mechanical allodynia caused by prostatitis was demonstrated by several lines of evidence, including increased expression of CXCL1 in the spinal cord dorsal horn and attenuation of mechanical hypersensitivity by intrathecal injection of the CXCL1 neutralizing antibody or CXCR2 antagonist. Here, CXCL1 is linked to male reproductive organ cancer.