CD4 and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Firnhaber et al., (2012) concluded that HAART use reduced the rate of incidence and progression of cervical lesions among HIV+ve females and was dependent on duration of regimen but Menon et al., (2017), reported in their systematic review of effects of HAART on cervical dysplasia in sub Saharan Africa, suggested that CD4+ cell count may have a more instrumental role in cervical oncogenesis or the integration of the latent reservoir throughout the body than either HAART use or the treatment duration on the prevalence of CIN 2 and CIN 3.