Adoptive transfer of IL-4−/− bone marrow to LDLR−/− mice significantly reduces atherosclerosis [396], but similar studies in IL4−/− plus ApoE−/− or LDLR−/− double knockouts showed no effect on atherosclerotic plaque development, and IL-4 administration provided no protection against atherosclerosis [397]. Here, IL4 is linked to atherosclerosis.