We also observed an interaction between group of subjects and obesity on lipocalin-2 concentrations (Table 2): in non-obese subjects, PCOS patients showed the highest values and control women the lowest, while in obese patients, obese control women had increased lipocalin-2 levels compared with their non-obese counterparts, an effect that was not present either in patients with PCOS or in men (Table 2). Here, LCN2 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.