As G-CSF (i.e., CSF-3) is critical for myeloid cell production, the authors utilized a G-CSF receptor knockout (GCSFR−/−) mouse model with transplantable murine pancreatic cancer cell lines, derived from the spontaneous pancreatic cancer arising from GEMM or chemical carcinogenesis-induced mice models [41]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3R and pancreatic neoplasm.