GAL and breast cancer: As a control, we determined that the stimulatory effects of GAL on BRCA1 protein levels were also associated a with a decrease (~25%) in BRCA1 promoter methylation (Figure 4B, p = 0.02), based on the information that GEN is an antagonist of AHR transcriptional activity in colon cancer cells [50] and a dual agonist/antagonist in ER + BC cells [51].