IL6 and anemia: Anemia of chronic disease is not considered a frequent cause of anemia in celiac patients; in fact, systemic inflammation, based on the increase in serum levels of acute phase proteins, is rare in CD patients, although gliadin-dependent activation of mononuclear cells of the mucous lamina propria causes an overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [64,65]; both cytokines are mediators of ACD [66,67].