Here, we discuss potential theoretical implications of studying cachexia treatment strategies [20,21,22,23,24] in advanced lung cancer patients who are receiving one of the recently approved anti-PD1/anti-PDL1 monoclonal-antibody-containing regimens [7,8,9,10,11,12], as well as practical considerations regarding clinical trial design and patient selection. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is lung carcinoma.