Usually TNF-α is not expressed in normal cardiomyocytes, but in the case of myocardial ischemia and anoxia, cardiomyocytes and myocardial mononuclear macrophages are activated, and they will produce large amounts of TNF-α, not only in the infarcted zone of the myocardium, but also at the infarction border zone [79]. Here, TNF is linked to myocardial ischemia.