Recently, the cytosolic release of mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and newly synthesized mtDNA, have been identified as initiators of an innate immune response [13,14], suggesting that mitochondria may play a role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The gene discussed is TFAM; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.