CCL2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity is most frequently accompanied by an inflammatory state, which entails enhanced release of pro-inflammatory molecules, like monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumour necrosis factor-α, hepatocyte growth factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, and the suppressed synthesis of adiponectins.