In this context, studies have shown that increased ROS levels associated with DM cause NF-κB activation, while this activation induces transcription of inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and iNOS [40]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.