Adoptive T-cell therapy using engineered receptors has shown great promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, as demonstrated by recent US Food and Drug Administration approvals for CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [19–25]. This evidence concerns the gene CD19 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.