CFD and type 2 diabetes mellitus: After adjusting for age, sex and education levels, the adipsin level was statistically significant negatively correlated with MoCA scores (r = − 0.640, p < 0.001), MMSE scores (r = − 0.612, p < 0.001), SCWT-A Time(r = 0.290, p = 0.034) and VFT scores (r = − 0.288, p = 0.035) in T2DM patients with cognition dysfunction.