RPTOR and Atrophy: This reduced survival, however, is difficult to explain by muscle dysfunction, as normalized force and resistance to fatigue are not reduced, and muscle atrophy in the diaphragm is less pronounced than in other myopathies, which are compatible with life.7, 8 Surprisingly, we do not observe any premature death for up to 7 months after Raptor deletion, despite the presence of muscle atrophy and a reduced specific force.