It is a crucial factor in the maturation of the tumor immuno-microenvironment (TIME): besides its activity on the ECM, TGF-β is a cytokine with a well-recognized role in promoting the differentiation of the T-helper progenitors toward regulatory T cells and is, therefore, thought to be instrumental in blunting the immune surveillance and permitting the tumor development. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.