TNF and neoplasm: As shown in Figure 6E, TNF-α injection significantly increased the tumor formation rate of lung metastases (5/6 versus 2/6) and the number of metastatic lesions (p = 0.048), whereas in miR-497-knockdown mice, the lung metastasis rates of untreated and TNF-α-treated groups were 5/6 and 6/6, and there was no significant difference between the number of metastatic lesions, which was consistent with the aforementioned in vitro data.