For instance, the variability of sclerostin (a physiological inhibitor of bone formation) varied with sex, 25-OH-D and phosphorus levels in haemodialysis (HD) patients by multivariate regression analysis (Pietrzyk et al., 2019), low serum parathyroid hormone associated with malnutrition-inflammation complex in chronic kidney disease by Chis-square test, linear regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis (Dukkipati et al., 2010). Here, SOST is linked to malnutrition.