TBX5 and dilated cardiomyopathy: Moreover, in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, there is an altered methylation pattern in the regulatory regions of cardiac development genes, such as T-box protein 5 (TBX5), heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1 (HAND1), and NK2 homeobox 5 (NKX2.5) (Jo et al., 2016).