On the other hand, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 together (MCC950 and Ac-YVAD-cmk, respectively) reduces AF-mediated LDH leakage significantly in ARPE-19 (Figure 7D), indicating an inflammatory cell death mediated by caspase-1 known as pyroptosis (Hanus et al., 2016). Here, NLRP3 is linked to atrial fibrillation.