In the current study, we demonstrate that the EWS-FLI1 oncoprotein, which is characteristic of ES, enhances TNC expression by directly binding to its promoter region and that integrin α5β1-mediated YAP activation may be responsible for MALAT1 upregulation in TNC-induced ES tumour progression (Fig. 6d). The gene discussed is MALAT1; the disease is Ewing sarcoma.