STK11 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In addition, because gracillin activates AMPK in NSCLC cells expressing mutated STK11 and potently suppressed the viability of these cells, gracillin can be utilized for the treatment of NSCLC harboring mutant STK11. Importantly, recent studies have reported that mutations in STK11 confer resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially in KRAS-mutant NSCLC57,58.