PGK1 promotes tumor cell invasion by activating the AKT and ERK pathways40, whereas ERK not only induces phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of PGK1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 phosphorylation41 but also activates casein kinase 2α to phosphorylate nuclear PGK1 at S256, phosphorylated PGK1 binds to the kinase cell division cycle 7, and converts ADP to ATP42. This evidence concerns the gene PDK1 and neoplasm.