TNF and hepatitis A virus infection: Various in vivo animal studies have reported that iguratimod can significantly lower the levels of serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 stimulated by TNF-α injection.28 In addition, concanavalin-A-induced hepatitis can be successfully cured by iguratimod injections, which suppress the elevated levels of TNF-α, IFN-Υ, and serum transaminases.28